抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴兔血清的制备及重组质粒pcDNA3.1/TSO45-4B在小鼠骨骼肌的表达

目的:制备抗六钩蚴全虫可溶性抗原的兔血清,观察本室制备的猪带绦虫六钩蚴期特异性抗原基因TSO45-4B的重组核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1/TSO45-4B经肌肉接种后在宿主体内的表达.方法:用次氯酸钠法孵化六钩蚴,Dot-B1ot、ELISA检测兔血清中特异性抗体及滴度;以pcDNA3.1/TS045-4B进行体内转染,继之免疫组化法观察其在鼠体骨骼肌的表达.结果:抗六钩蚴兔血清多克隆抗体制备成功,抗体效价为1:20 100;免疫组化染色后在重组质粒注射部位肌肉组织的肌纤维内显示阳性的棕黄色分泌颗粒.结论:重组质粒在小鼠骨骼肌内成功地表达为猪囊尾蚴病多基因DNA疫苗的研制提供了体内表达的依据之一.     

单侧旁正中切口TLIF术对手术侧与非手术侧椎旁肌肉的影响

目的观察单侧旁正中切口经椎间孔椎体融合术(TLIF)对手术侧与非手术侧椎旁肌肉的影响。方法回顾性分析38例行单侧旁正中切口TLIF术的退行性腰椎疾病患者临床资料。比较术后手术侧与非手术侧多裂肌、竖脊肌横截面积(CSA)差异。观察术前、术后6个月及末次随访时患者腰椎功能、功能障碍、腰腿疼痛及腰椎前凸角(LL)、手术节段前凸角(SL)改善情况。结果患者术后L5~S1近头侧、L3~L4、L4~L5手术侧与非手术侧多裂肌CSA及各节段手术侧与非手术侧竖脊肌CSA比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);L5~S1近尾侧手术侧多裂肌CSA显著小于非手术侧(P＜0.05)。术后6个月、末次随访时患者腰椎功能量表(JOA)评分、LL、SL较术前升高,Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷(ODI)、腰腿视觉模拟评分(VAS)则均较术前降低(P＜0.05);患者术后6个月、末次随访时JOA、ODI、腰腿VAS评分及LL、SL比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论单侧旁正中切口TLIF术对术侧椎旁肌影响较小,可有效改善退行性腰椎疾病患者腰椎功能和功能障碍,减轻其术后腰腿疼痛,增加其LL、SL并维持稳定,对促进患者术后恢复有利。     

颧骨颧弓缩小联合下颌角截骨整形术后咀嚼肌群变化的研究

目的:探讨颧骨颧弓及下颌角截骨整形术后咀嚼肌群的动态变化。方法:随机选取颧骨颧弓肥大及下颌角肥大者59例,于术前、术后10天、术后3个月分别做三维CT检查,并对颜面部进行三维测量,采用q检验(Newman-Keuls法)进行方差分析。结果:咬肌、翼内肌的变化趋势相同,术后10天横截面积较术前增加,术后3个月横截面积较术前减少;翼外肌、颞肌横截面积术前与术后10天未见明显变化,颞肌术后3个月较术前降低,翼外肌术后3个月较术前增大。结论:颧骨颧弓缩小及下颌角截骨整形术后短期内由于术中截骨及对肌肉的剥离,使咬肌、翼内肌发生损伤,随着术后恢复,肌肉等组织重新附着发生适应性改变从而较术前减小;颧骨颧弓缩小术后可造成颞肌萎缩;由于术中很少累及到翼外肌,所以术前及术后10天变化不明显,术后3个月发生代偿性增大。     

Alternative Methods for Measuring Scapular Muscles Protraction and Retraction Maximal Isometric Forces

Background

The importance of the scapular stabilizing muscles has led to an increased interest in quantitative measurements of their strength. Few studies have measured isometric or concentric isokinetic forces. Additionally, limited reports exist on the reliability of objective measures for testing scapular protraction and retraction muscle strength or scapular testing that does not involve the glenohumeral joint.

Objective

To determine the reliability of four new methods of measuring the maximal isometric strength of key scapular stabilizing muscles for the actions of protraction and retraction, both with and without the involvement of the glenohumeral (GH) joint.

Methods

The Isobex® stationary tension dynamometer was used to measure the maximal isometric force (kg) on thirty healthy females (ages 22–26 years). Three measures were taken for each method that was sequentially randomized for three separate testing sessions on three nonconsecutive days.

Results

Intraclass correlations (ICC2,3) for intrasession reliability and (ICC3,3) for intersession reliability ranged from 0.95 to 0.98, and 0.94 to 0.96 respectively. The standard errors of measurement (95% confidence interval [CI]) were narrow. Scatter grams for both protraction and retraction testing methods demonstrated a significant relationship, 0.92 for protraction (95% CI 0.83 to 0.96) and 0.93 for retraction (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97). Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement between the two methods for measuring protraction strength but a weaker agreement for the two methods measuring retraction strength.

Discussion/Conclusion

The four new methods assessed in this study indicate reliable options for measuring scapular protraction or retraction isometric strength with or without involving the GH joint for young healthy females.     

Innervation zone locations in 43 superficial muscles: Toward a standardization of electrode positioning

Introduction: We describe the innervation zone (IZ) location in 43 muscles to provide information for appropriate positioning of bipolar electrodes for clinical and research applications. Methods: The IZ was studied in 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) using multichannel surface electromyography (sEMG). Signal quality was checked visually to identify motor unit action potentials and estimate muscle fiber conduction velocity. Results: Results in 33 muscles were classified as excellent or good, because it was possible to identify an area which is favorable for appropriate positioning of an electrode pair without the need to previously determine the IZ location. Conclusions: Knowledge of IZ location will increase standardization and repeatability of sEMG measures. Muscle Nerve 49 :413–421, 2014     

Assessment of muscle stiffness using a continuously scanning laser‐Doppler vibrometer

Introduction: A stand‐alone and low‐cost elastography technique has been developed using a single continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Methods: This elastography technique is used to measure the propagation velocity of surface vibrations over superficial skeletal muscles to assess muscle stiffness. Results: Systematic variations in propagation velocity depending on the contraction level and joint position of the biceps brachii were demonstrated in 10 subjects. Conclusions: This technique may assist clinicians in characterizing muscle stiffness (or tone) changes due to neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 50 : 133–135, 2014     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠血清激素水平及咬肌炎症指标的影响

目的：观察睡眠剥夺对大鼠血清激素水平和咬肌炎症指标的影响,探讨睡眠剥夺在颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）发病中的作用。方法：35只Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组：睡眠剥夺1d组、5d组、9d组、正常对照组和大平台对照组。采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法（modified muhiple plat—form method,MMPM）建立大鼠sD模型,观察睡眠剥夺后血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（CORT）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）和咬肌组织高敏c反应蛋白（hs—CRP）含量的变化。结果：与正常对照组和大平台对照组相比,随着睡眠剥夺时间的延长大鼠血清中CORT、ACTH及TSH的含量均呈现先增高后降低的趋势;咬肌组织中hs—CRP含量随睡眠剥夺时间的延长呈持续增高趋势。结论：睡眠剥夺可引起大鼠咬肌发生明显的炎症反应,这可能是TMD的病因之一。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠咬肌组织形态学的影响

目的：建立睡眠剥夺动物模型,观察睡眠剥夺后大鼠咬肌组织的损伤程度,探讨睡眠剥夺在颞下颌关节紊乱病发病中的作用。方法：35只Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组：睡眠剥夺1d组、5d组、9d组、正常对照组和大平台对照组。采用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型,制作大鼠咬肌组织石蜡切片行HE染色,观察睡眠剥夺后大鼠咬肌的组织形态学变化。结果：睡眠剥夺可以对咬肌产生不同程度的影响,主要组织学表现为肌纤维排列紊乱、粗细不均,肌横纹模糊消失,肌纤维萎缩断裂,炎细胞浸润,肌组织内部血管增生、扩张等,这种变化在短期内随睡眠剥夺时间的延长而加重。结论：睡眠剥夺可引起大鼠咬肌发生明显的组织形态学改变,这可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的致病因素之一。     

Urethra actively opens from the very beginning of micturition: A new concept of urethral function

Transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound was carried out in an adult female and a male volunteer during micturition. Although the male urethra was enclosed by the prostate, its construction and the function were almost identical to the female urethra. The anterior fibromuscular stroma was not a part of the prostate, but was a part of the urethral muscle. The urethra was surrounded by a thick single muscle unit, developed only on the anterior and lateral sides of the urethra. When the participant wished to urinate, the initial motion was not a bladder contraction, but an active opening of the urethral lumen by the muscle unit. The same unit closed the urethra when continence was kept. In conclusion, the main function of the urethra is thought to be not a closure, but an opening to control the entire micturition process, rather than the bladder being primarily responsible for the control of micturition.